It was not solely the natural environment that determined which areas large countries and colonial powers of the 18th century used for the purposes of tar making, but also other aspects: political, military, economic and colonial.
The attempts of Angus Smith and his colleagues to control alkali pollution after 1863 are usually seen as being a success…
The paper examines the way in which the environment is produced as intellectual capital. It asks about the extent to which the environment can be understood by science and through science.
Examines the relationship between the mass consumption of a tropical commodity (bananas) in the United States, and environmental and social change in Honduras during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
This essay introduces the term deep ecology to philosophical debates.
Guano, one of the main export goods in South America in the mid-nineteenth century, becomes a central cause of the Chincha Islands War.
Peru nationalizes its guano reserves, beginning a period historians refer to as “the guano age.”
As many as ten million people die as a result of the severe famine.
Former World Bank Chief Economist Nicholas Stern predicts the rapid growth of the costs of measures to combat climate change.
The European Union adopts a model linking sustainability with ecological, economic, and social issues.
