Sources and Further Reading

Baltzer, Eduard. 1867. Die natürliche Lebensweise, der Weg zu Gesundheit und sozialem Heil. Nordhausen: self-published by the author.

———. 1868. Vereinsblatt für Freunde der natürlichen Lebensweise (Vegetarianer), no. 1. Nordhausen: self-published by the author.

Barlösius, Eva. 1997. Naturgemäße Lebensführung. Zur Geschichte der Lebensreform um die Jahrhundertwende. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag.

Bollmann, Stefan. 2017. Monte Verità. 1900—Der Traum vom alternativen Leben beginnt. Munich: DVA.

Brockhaus. 1843. “Caricatur.” In Allgemeine deutsche Real-Enzyklopädie für gebildete Stände. Conversations-Lexikon, vol. 3. 9th ed. Leipzig: Brockhaus: 201–2.

———. 1847. “Satire.” In Allgemeine deutsche Real-Enzyklopädie für gebildete Stände. Conversations-Lexikon, vol. 12. 9th ed. Leipzig: Brockhaus: 557–58.

Bunge, Gustav von. 1885. Der Vegetarianismus. Ein Vortrag. Berlin.

Fritzen, Florentine. 2006. Gesünder leben. Die Lebensreformbewegung im 20. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.

GRAIN / Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy. 2018. “Emissions impossible: How big meat and dairy are heating up the planet.” Last modified 18 July 2018. http://www.iatp.org/emissions-impossible.

Hahn, Theodor. 1869. Die Ritter vom Fleische. Offene Briefe über die Ernährungsfrage. Berlin: Theobald Grieben.

Michalzik, Peter. 2018. 1900: Vegetarier, Künstler und Visionäre suchen nach dem neuen Paradies. Cologne: Dumont.

Pack, Birgit. “Das war ein großartiger Sieg!” Vegetarisch in Wien um 1900 (3 September 2018). https://veggie.hypotheses.org/409.

———. “Das erste vegetarische Kochbuch.” Vegetarisch in Wien um 1900 (8 June 2019). https://veggie.hypotheses.org/815.

Rousseau, Jean Jacques. (1762) 2010. Emile, or On Education. Translated by Grace G. Roosevelt. New York: Institute for Learning Technologies–Columbia University. Last modified 6 September 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100906083757/http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/pedagogies/rousseau/contents2.html

Struve, Gustav. 1869. Pflanzenkost, die Grundlage einer neuen Weltanschauung. Stuttgart: Selbstverlag des Verfassers.

Teuteberg, Hans Jürgen. 1988. “Der Fleischverzehr in Deutschland und seine strukturellen Veränderungen.” In Unsere tägliche Kost, edited by Hans Jürgen Teuteberg and Günter Wiegelmann, 63–73. Münster: Coppenrath.

———. 1994. “Zur Sozialgeschichte des Vegetarismus.” VSWG: Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 81, no. 1: 33–65.

Treitel, Corinna. 2017. Eating Nature in Modern Germany. Food, Agriculture, and Environment, c. 1870 to 2000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Zemanek, Evi. 2017. “Mocking the Anthropocene. Caricatures of Man-made Landscapes in German Satirical Magazines from the Fin de Siècle.” In Readings in the Anthropocene: The Environmental Humanities, German Studies, and Beyond, edited by Sabine Wilke and Japhet Johnstone, 124–47. New York: Bloomsbury.

———. 2018. “An Entangled History of Environmental and Cultural Sustainability: Satirical Reflections on the German Forest and the German Oak as Resources of Cultural Energy.” In Cultural Dimensions of Sustainablity: Perspectives from the Humanities and Social Sciences, edited by Torsten Meireis and Gabriele Rippl, 153–82. London: Routledge.

Satirical Glimpses of the Cultural History of Vegetarianism

Vegetarianism as an alternative nutritional model is a controversial topic. Many contemporary arguments for and against a vegetarian way of life can be traced back to early discussions about vegetarianism in nineteenth-century media. This virtual exhibition sheds light on the first decades of the debate on meatless nutrition in German-speaking regions. In doing so, the exhibition adopts a special perspective: by examining vegetarianism as it is represented in caricatures, it is able to reconstruct the verbal and visual arguments used both in favor of as well as against the movement. The exhibition reflects upon the ambivalent public perception of vegetarianism at the time and, additionally, provides an amusing window into the wit and humor of the period.

Click here to read about the exhibition. The German version of this virtual exhibition can be found here.

Evi Zemanek and Sophia Burgenmeister

About the author

Zemanek, Evi

University of Freiburg, Germany

Evi Zemanek is professor of Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Freiburg (ALU), where she has taught German literature and intermedia studies since 2010. She holds a PhD in comparative literature from LMU Munich. Her main research interests lie within the fields of media ecology, intermedia and intercultural studies, ecocriticism, and multimedia environmental journalism. She has published broadly on the aesthetics of nature in various media, ecotopias, eco poetry, and, more generally, on the history of ecological thought and the poetics of “ecological genres.” Most recently, she has published on “sustainable media cultures” and edited (with U. Kluwick) an interdisciplinary book on sustainability (Nachhaltigkeit interdisziplinär. Konzepte, Diskurse, Praktiken, 2019). She is currently finishing a book on caricatures, which investigates the entanglements of media history and environmental history since the nineteenth century. Evi Zemanek is founder of the DFG-Network Ethik und Ästhetik in literarischen Darstellungen ökologischer Transformationen, a member of the DFG-Network Politiken der Idylle, as well as of the Upper Rhine Cluster for Sustainability Research, and of the Transatlantic Humboldt Network Environmental Humanities.

Burgenmeister, Sophia

University of Freiburg, Germany

Sophia Burgenmeister is currently writing her dissertation at the University of Freiburg (ALU), exploring the discourse and media history of meat consumption and vegetarianism. Her further research interests lie within the fields of climate communication, contemporary lyric poetry and intermediality. Her book Der “Blick auf Beowulf” – Eine Spurensuche zwischen Medialität und Materialität bei Thomas Kling und Ute Langanky (2018) focuses on the interplay of photography and lyric poetry. She has studied Philosophy and German Literature, Culture, and Media at the Universites of Freiburg and Nottingham and has worked as an editor for Philosophy, Literature, and Media Studies.

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Satirical Glimpses of the Cultural History of Vegetarianism

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