Communism

“Ecological Civilization”

In this Springs article, environmental historian Donald Worster delves into the material events behind cultural imaginaries in China, while asking for an ecological civilization. “Can humans learn, by subordinating their appetites to their brains, how to live on this earth intelligently and ethically?”

In the Name of the Great Work: Stalin's Plan for the Transformation of Nature and its Impact in Eastern Europe

Beginning in 1948, the Soviet Union launched a series of wildly ambitious projects to implement Joseph Stalin’s vision of a total “transformation of nature.” By the time of Stalin’s death, however, these attempts at “transformation” had proven a spectacular failure. This richly detailed volume, In the Name of the Great Work follows the history of such projects in three communist states—Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia—and explores their varied, but largely disastrous, consequences.

The Ukrainian Famine "Holodomor": Natural Disaster or Genocide?

In 1932, the Soviet Union dictator Joseph Stalin enacts policies in Ukraine that seek to decimate nationalist aspirations for independence and force collectivization on the peasantry. These measures amplified into a grand famine and led to the death of an estimated 3.5 million people.

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Restoring Cursed Earth: Appraising Environmental Policy Reforms in Eastern Europe and Russia

Auer, Matthew R., ed. Restoring Cursed Earth: Appraising Environmental Policy Reforms in Eastern Europe and Russia. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.